110 French Adverbs and How to Use Them

Adverbs are words that describe verbs or adjectives. 

For example, in the sentence: “Jacque ran quickly through a very big library,” both “very” and “quickly” are adverbs.

Adverbs help you be more clear in your sentences, helping imbue your French with expressiveness and nuance.

In this post you’ll learn 110 common French adverbs you can start using right away, along with how to form French adverbs and where to place them in sentences.

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Adverbs of time

An adverb of time clarifies when a specific action is taking place. An adverb of time generally answers the question quand  (when) in French sentences. Check out some examples below.

French	English
Aujourd'hui	Today
Bientôt	Soon
Déjà	Already
Demain	Tomorrow
Désormais	From now on
Enfin	Finally
Hier	Yesterday
Immédiatement	Immediately
Longtemps	For a long time
Maintenant	Now
Récemment	Recently
Soudainement	Suddenly
Tard	Late, later
Tôt	Early

Adverbs of manner

An adverb of manner tells us the manner in which or how something occurs. This adverb answers the question comment  (how) in French. Let’s check out some adverbs of manner.

French	English
Ainsi	Like this
Bravement	Bravely
Ensemble	Together
Heureusement	Fortunately
Lentement	Slowly
Malheureusement	Unfortunately
Précisément	Precisely
Professionnellement	Professionally
Prudemment	Carefully
Rapidement	Quickly
Suffisamment	Sufficiently
Vite	Quickly
Vraiment	Truly

Adverbs of place

An adverb of place describes the location where an action occurs. It answers the question of où  (where) in French. Take a look at the most common adverbs of place.

French	English
Ailleurs	Elsewhere
Dedans	Inside
Dehors	Outside
Derrière	Behind
Devant	In front of
En bas	Below
En haut	High
Ici	Here
Là	There
Loin	Far
N'importe où	Anywhere
Partout	Everywhere
Près	Close

Adverbs of quantity

The adverbs of quantity in French let us know how much or how many of something there is. These adverbs answer the question combien  (how much/how many) in French.

Not that these adverbs can come before nouns. In this case, they often take the word de  (of) without their definite article.

French	English
Assez	Quite, fairly
Autant	As much, as many
Beaucoup	A lot
Complètement	Completely
Davantage	More
Environ	Approximately
Moins	Less
Peu	A little
Plus	More
Seulement	Only
Tant	So much, so many
Tellement	So
Très	Very
Trop	Too much

Adverbs of frequency

An adverb of frequency lets us know how often an action occurs. Unlike adverbs of time, these don’t necessarily focus on a specific time. Rather, they focus on a time cycle where an action happens repeatedly.

French	English
D'habitude	Usually
Encore	Again
Fréquemment	Frequently
Habituellement	Usually
Occasionnellement	Occasionally
Parfois	Sometimes
Quelquefois	Sometimes
Rarement	Rarely
Souvent	Often
Toujours	Always

Adverbs of affirmation

An adverb of affirmation adds credibility to an action. They’re used to back something up or affirm that something is true or correct. Let’s dive into the most common adverbs of affirmation.

French	English
Apparemment	Apparently
Assurément	Definitely
Certainement	Certainly
Certes	Certainly
Effectivement	Indeed, actually
Évidemment	Evidently
Immanquablement	Inevitably
Sans doute	Without a doubt
Sûrement	Surely
Vraisemblablement	In all likelihood

Adverbs of negation

An adverb of negation adds an element of the negative to an action. In fact, these adverbs are the most common way to make an entire sentence negative, and many of these adverbs have two particles (two words).

French	English
Ne ... aucunement	Not at all
Ne ... guère	Hardly
Ne ... jamais	Never
Ne ... nullement	Not in any way
Ne ... nulle part	Nowhere
Ne ... pas	Not
Ne ... pas encore	Not yet
Ne ... personne	No one
Ne ... plus	Not anymore
Ne ... rien	Nothing

Adverbs of doubt

Opposite to an adverb of affirmation, an adverb of doubt shows that the speaker is not so sure of an action. These are used to make something seem questionable as to whether it is true or correct. Take a look at the most common adverbs of doubt.

French	English
Avec hésitation	With hesitation, doubtfully
D'un air de doute	Doubtfully
Hypothétiquement	Hypothetically
Peut-être	Surely
Possiblement	Possibly
Probablement	Probably

Adverbs of question and exclamation

An adverb of question is almost like a secret adverb. In fact, many people don’t know that question words are adverbs! They can be followed by est-ce que  or subject-verb inversion to ask a question.

French	English
Combien	How much, how many
Comment	How
Où	Where
Pourquoi	Why
Quand	When
Que	What
Qui	Who

An adverb of exclamation—or simply an exclamation—are words that show extreme emotion. These can show anger, shock, sadness or relief.

French	English
Comme	How
Que	How
Quoi	What

Relative and comparative adverbs

Relative adverbs are tricky ones. Sometimes, they’re question words, and while they mean the same thing as question words, they’re not necessarily asking a question. Instead, relative adverbs join two clauses—or two independent thoughts—to create a single sentence.

French	English
Combien	How much, how many
Comment	How
Où	Where
Pourquoi	Why
Quand	When
Que	That
Qui	That, who

A comparative adverb is an easier one to understand: it compares two or more things. Oftentimes, these adverbs come in two parts with the word que  (than) joining the things being compared.

French	English
Aussi ... que	As... as
Moins ... que	Less... than
Plus ... que	More... than

How to Form French Adverbs

Like English, French allows adjectives to become adverbs by adding a suffix.

In English, that suffix is “–ly.” For example, we can take the adjective “obvious” and turn it into the adverb “obviously” by adding the suffix “-ly.”

The same is true for French. By adding the suffix -ment, French speakers can transform adjectives into adverbs. For example:

confortable (comfortable) → confortablement  (comfortably)

malheureuse (unfortunate) → malheureusement  (unfortunately)

Rules for transforming adjectives into adverbs:

1. If the adjective finishes with a vowel, simply add the suffix -ment.

facile (easy) → facilement  (easily)

2. If the adjective ends in a consonant, you must add the suffix -ment to the feminine form of the adjective. For example:

réel (real) → réelle  (real-feminine form) → réellement  (really)

3. If the adjective finishes with -ent or -ant, you simply remove those letters and instead add -emment or -amment respectively. Like so:

évident (evident) → évidemment  (evidently)

brillant (brilliant) → brillamment  (brilliantly)

However, keep in mind that there are a few exceptions.

The adverb form of the adjective bon is bien , and other irregular adverbs include gentiment (nicely) from the adjective gentil  (nice) and brièvement (briefly) from the adjective bref  (brief).

French Adverb Placement

Where to place French adverbs that modify verbs

In English, adverb placement can be pretty complicated. French adverb placement is generally simpler.

Here’s one general rule that usually applies: French adverbs go after the conjugated verb they modify.

Simple tenses

A simple tense only has one verb in the phrase. In this case, the adverb goes right after the verb it modifies. 

For example:

Je lis souvent.
(I read often.)

The adverb souvent (often) comes after the main, conjugated verb lis (read).

Compound tenses

A compound tense is when a phrase consists of a main verb and an auxiliary verb like être (to be), avoir  (to have) or aller  (to go).

In these cases, the adverb goes after the first conjugated verb.

For example:

J’ai beaucoup dormi.
(I slept a lot.)

Here the adverb beaucoup comes after the conjugated auxiliary verb ai  and before dormi .

There is some leeway, however. For longer adverbs, such as ones that end in -ment, the adverb can be placed after the first verb. For example:

Je suis allé(e) rapidement à l’école.
(I went quickly to school.)

Where to place French adverbs that modify adjectives

In English, adverbs usually come in front of the adjectives they modify (“I read very long books”).

In French, when an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it is also placed in front of the word it modifies:

Tous les voyageurs que je connais sont vraiment sympas.
(All of the travelers I know are truly nice.)

The adverb vraiment comes before the adjective sympas , which it modifies.

Le film était trop bizarre pour moi.
(The film was too weird for me.)

The adverb trop comes before the adjective it modifies: bizarre .

Where to place French adverbs that modify other adverbs

When an adverb modifies another adverb, it goes before that adverb.

This is demonstrated in the following French sentence:

Il danse très mal.
(He dances very poorly.)

In our example, both the words très  and mal  are adverbs.

Mal is letting us know that the manner in which the person dances is bad. Next, to show just how badly they dance, we add très.

Très goes before mal because it is modifying it in our example.

Where to place French adverbs that modify clauses

If your adverb is modifying the entire clause—in other words, the entire thought—it often comes at the beginning of the sentence.

Let’s look at an example:

Souvent nous mangeons à ce restaurant.
(Often, we eat at this restaurant.)

In this example, the adverb is telling us that the speakers eat at that restaurant frequently. So it modifies the entire clause by coming at the beginning of that clause.

This may sound a little backward for English speakers, but it is quite a common occurrence in French.

A great way to become familiar with where to place French adverbs is to immerse yourself in native media and see how the language is used by native speakers.

One French Adverb Mishap to Avoid: Bon vs. Bien

Adverbs can be very similar to their equivalent verbs, which can lead to mix-ups between the two.

Perhaps the most confusing pair among French adverbs and adjectives are bon (good) and bien  (well).

Bon is an adjective meaning “good.” Therefore, bon only modifies nouns.

For example, we could say “le bon garçon” to mean “the good boy.” Garçon  is a noun, modified by the adjective bon. It would be incorrect to use bien in this situation.

The word bien is an adverb. So it can only modify verbs or adjectives.

We could say “tu parles bien français”  to mean “you speak French well.” Parles is a verb, and the adverb bien modifies it. It would be incorrect to use bon in this situation.

The same set-up goes for the adjective mauvais (bad) and the adverb mal  (bad; poorly). While (similar to bon and bien) these words can be used as nouns in certain cases, mauvais is most often an adjective and modifies nouns.

Il a de mauvais résultats.
(He has bad results.)

Mal is most often an adverb and modifies a verb.

J’ai mal mangé.
(I didn’t eat well.)

 

So, there you have it: Your comprehensive guide to learning adverbs easily.

Just to make sure you have it down, try some practice quizzes. Lawless French has some great ones, as do the University of Texas and Soft Schools.

Until next time, study fiercely!

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)